Martin Luther King, on December 26th 1956, just six days after the official end of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, sparked by Rosa Parks' refusal to move from her seat on a bus to make way for a white person, and her subsequent arrest. Though iconic, it didn't achieve much in the short term. In fact, things got worse for black people in Montgomery, Alabama and the violent backlash against the victory against segregation soon reversed the fortunes of the black Montgomerians.
Original B&W photo.
http://surfer53.wordpress.com/2014/02/04/happy-birthday-rosa-parks/
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